Linux System Maintenance: Essential Basic Knowledge for Beginners

Maintaining Linux servers is an essential skill in the internet era. Linux, being stable, open-source, and secure, is the mainstream operating system for servers. Beginners can solve common issues such as file permissions and service startup by mastering basic operations. Core skills include: command-line operations (ssh login, basic commands like pwd/ls/cd); file system (root directory and core directory structures such as /etc/var); file operations (touch/mkdir/cp/mv/rm); permission management (rwx permission representation, chmod modification); processes and services (ps/top/kill for viewing and terminating processes, systemctl for managing services); network configuration (ip addr, ping, port checking, and firewall setup); system updates (apt/yum for updates, software installation and uninstallation); and log backup (tar compression, tail for log viewing). Learning suggestions: practice extensively using virtual machines or experimental platforms, utilize tools like Xshell/FinalShell, make good use of the man command for help, back up data before operations, and develop a cautious habit.